7.+Computer+Viruses+&+Spyware


 * __ What is a virus? __** A computer virus is a code created with the ability to destroy files, software, and programs as well as cause important data to be lost and destroyed. There are a variety of different types of viruses (see //5 Most Common Computer Viruses// below) that can attach to files and spread throughout a computer, typically without user knowledge. Viruses typically enter school computers through email, downloaded files from the Internet, and the school district’s main computer network. There are many new viruses being created daily, which is why it is extremely important to keep all computers updated, along with anti-virus and anti-spyware software (Destano, 1999; Shelly, Cashman, & Vermatt, 2002)

** 5 Most Common Viruses (Livingston, 2002): ** o //Macro virus//- Typically attaches to a Microsoft Word or Excel document, often in an email. Easiest executed and created virus. o //Boot sector virus//- Overwrites boot sector on hard drive or floppy drive. Because the boot sector holds important information for the computer to boot up, this type of virus will disable your computer. o //File infector virus//- Attaches to executable files, such as .com or .exe files. This virus spread by loading itself into your computer’s memory and then attaching itself to other programs. o //Stealth virus//- Goal is to fool anti-virus software by providing a clean version of a file to the antivirus software. o //Self-modifying virus//- Another virus that was designed to avoid detection software by changing itself from the inside out. This is one of the most difficult viruses to detect.

**__ What is spyware? __** Spyware a type of malicious software that gathers private information from a personal computer and sends it to another computer, usually without user knowledge (Dictionary.com, 2011). While spyware doesn’t typically destroy or damage files, it does put your personal information, including passwords, credit card information and other secure data such as student grades, at risk.

**__ Signs & Symptoms to watch for (Microsoft, 2011): __** Stay alert and look out for the following signs & symptoms that might indicate you have a virus or spyware on your computer. If you notice any of these signs, immediately notify the school’s network technicians. 1. Your computer runs more slowly than normal 2. Your computer stops responding or locks up often 3. Your computer crashes and restarts every few minutes 4. Your computer restarts on its own and then fails to run normally 5. Applications on your computer don't work correctly 6. Disks or disk drives are inaccessible 7. You can't print correctly 8. You see unusual error messages 9. You see distorted menus and dialog boxes

**__ Prevention Tips & Methods: __** There are a number of things that can be done to prevent your computer against viruses and spyware. o // Use a Firewall // : A firewall screens Internet usage and helps to prevent unwanted access to your computer. Because computers vary, be sure to check to ensure that the firewall settings are turned on. o // Install Anti-Virus Software // : Be sure to install anti-virus software on every computer within the school. Scan your computers often and keep the software up-to-date. Norton and McAfee are the two most popular programs. o // Install Anti-Spyware Software // : Install reliable anti-spyware software as well. Run automatic scans and be sure that the software is current. o // Teach & Practice Safe Surfing and Computer Use // (Students, Teachers & Administrators): Ø Back up files using multiple methods (i.e.: hard-drive, thumb drive, external hard-drive) Ø Scan all downloads and email attachments with anti-virus software before opening them Ø Avoid suspicious websites that attempt to install or run an unfamiliar program